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The Fifth India Armada was assembled in 1503 on the order of King Manuel I of Portugal and placed under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque. It was Albuquerque's first trip to India. It was not a particularly successful armada - navigational mistakes scattered the fleet on the outward journey. Ships spent much time looking for each other and several ended up travelling alone. The vanguard arrived in India just in time to rescue Portuguese-allied ruler of Cochin from a land invasion by the Zamorin of Calicut. Anticipating a new invasion, the armada erected Fort Sant'Iago in Cochin, the first Portuguese fort in Asia (under the command of Duarte Pacheco Pereira, its first captain-general). It also established the third Portuguese factory in India at Quilon. One of the squadrons of the armada, under António de Saldanha, missed the crossing to India, and ended up spending the year preying along the East African coast. Captains of this squadron made several significant discoveries - such as Table Bay (South Africa) and, more importantly, the strategic island of Socotra (near the Gulf of Aden). They also exacted tribute from Zanzibar and Barawa. == The Fleet == The 5th Armada was composed of nine (in some accounts ten) ships split up into three squadrons. The first squadron was led by Afonso de Albuquerque, the second by his cousin Francisco de Albuquerque and the third by António de Saldanha. The exact composition of the three squadrons differs in the various accounts. The following list of ships should not be regarded as authoritative, but a tentative list compiled from various conflicting accounts. )〕 The list of captains is principally based on João de Barros's ''Décadas'',〔Barros, (Dec. 1, Lib.7, (p.86 ))〕 Damião de Gois's ''Chronica'',〔Gois, (p.100 )〕 Castanheda's ''História'',〔Castanheda, (p.157 )〕 Faria e Sousa's ''Asia''〔Faria e Sousa, 1666, (p.58 )〕 and Quintella's ''Annaes da Marinha''.〔Quintella, 1839: (p.273 )〕 The ''Relação das Naus da Índia'' swaps around Fernão Martins de Almada and Pedro Vaz da Veiga〔''Relação'', (p.14 ). This is corrected in the gloss. The ''Relação'' 's gloss is also the only source (other than Empoli's) that supplies some of the ship names, which it gives as 1. Albuqurque on the ''Sant'Iago'', 2. Duarte Pacheco on the ''Conceição'' (not ''Espírito Santo'', as Empoli asserts) and 3. Almada on the ''São Cristóvão'' in the first squadron. There is no mention of Empoli's ''Catharina Dias''. It also asserts F. de Albuquerque was on ''Rainha'' and Coelho on ''Faial'' in the second squadron.〕 The chronicle of Gaspar Correia places nephew Vicente Albuquerque (son of Francisco?) in command of one of the naus of the first squadron, shunting Almada to the second squadron, in place of Vaz da Veiga (who is omitted).〔Correia, (p.374 ). Confusingly, Correia (p.288) originally assigns Rui Lourenço Ravasco & Diogo Fernandes Pereira to the third squadron of the 4th Armada of 1502, commanded by Estêvão da Gama, but later on assigns them also the Saldanha's squadron in this armada (p.412-13)〕] Afonso de Albuquerque and his cousin Francisco de Albuquerque were knights of the Portuguese Order of Sant'Iago, Nicolau Coelho is the old veteran captain of the India expeditions of the 1st Armada (Gama, 1497) and 2nd Armada (Cabral, 1500). This is his third known trip. It may also be the second trip of Duarte Pacheco Pereira, as he may have travelled as a passenger/man-at-arms on the 2nd Armada. It is known that at least one of the ships was privately outfitted by the Marchionni consortium. The Florentine Giovanni da Empoli (João de Empoli), who would later write an account of the voyage, was a private factor of the Marchionni house and was aboard their ship (Empoli doesn't actually reveal which one, although, deducing from his account, it was probably Fernão Martins de Almada's ''São Cristóvão''). The fourth ship of the first squadron, which Empoli idenfies as the ''Catharina Dias'', was probably also privately outfitted (probably a nickname; Catarina Dias de Aguiar was a wealthy Lisbon merchant woman who had outfitted India ships before, and was probably responsible for this one; the captain of this ship is unknown). It is curious that Empoli is the only writer who mentions the ''Catharina Dias'', none of the later Portuguese chroniclers were aware of its existence. António de Saldanha was a Castilian nobleman in Portuguese service, Diogo Fernandes Pereira an experienced sailing master, probably commanding a ship outfitted by the merchant community of Setúbal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「5th Portuguese India Armada (Albuquerque, 1503)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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